DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR MARATHWADA UNIVERSITY, CHHATRAPATI SAMBHAJINAGAR- 431004 (M. S.), INDIA
FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
B. Sc. Degree Programme
[3 Years/4 Years (Honors)/4 Years (Honors with Research)] As Per National Education Policy-2020
Revised Course Structure and Curriculum (As per NEP-2020)
Subject (Major): Zoology For
B. Sc. First Year (Semester-I and II)
Effective from Academic Year-2024-25
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Semester-I
DSC-1: Animal Diversity-1 (Non-Chordata)
Credit: 02
Max. Marks: 50
Total Contact Hours: 30
Learning Objectives of the Course:
i To understand the basic concepts in zoology.
ii To learn the general characters and classification of non chordates.
iii To understand the diversity and complexity of life from Protista to Echinodermata.
Course Outcomes (COs): After completion of the course, students will be able to -
i Understand general organization of unicellular and multicellular animals.
ii Recognize diversity and adaptation of invertebrate.animals and significance.
iii Acquire deep knowledge and importance of biodiversity conservation.
iv Develop the capacity to investigate pathogenicity of micro and macro fauna.
Module No. /Topics/Actual contents of the syllabus/Contact Hours
1. Introduction to animal kingdom:
Definition of Zoology, Outline classification, Protozoa, Parazoa, Metazoa and Major Phyla.- 10 Hrs.
I. Protozoa and Porifera:
General characters and outline classification up to class with examples.
Locomotion in Amoeba and Euglena, Reproduction in Paramoecium.
Canal system in Porifera
II. Coelenterata, Helminths & Annelida: General characters and outline classification up to classes with examples.
Polymorphism in Coelenterates,
Taenia solium, Fasciola and Ascaris: Morphology
Earthworm: Nephridia: Structure and Function, Metamerism in Annelids-10 Hrs.
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III. Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata and Hemichordata: General characters and outline classification up to classes with examples.
Crastacean parasites, Mouth parts of insects. Torsion in gastropods, pearl formation
Water vascular system in sea star, Larval forms in Echinodermata- 10 Hrs.
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Learning Resources:
1) Anderson, D.T.(Ed.) (2001). Invertebrate Zoology. 2nded. Oxford University 2) Ayur, E.K., And T.N. Ananthakrishnan, Manual of Zoology Vol. I, Invertebrate, Part I and
II S.Viswanathan (Printers and Publishers) Pvt. Ltd. Madras. 3) Barrington, E. J. W. (1981). Invertebrate Structure and function. 2nd Ed. ELBS & Nelson.
Black welder, R.E., (1967). Taxonomy- A Text and reference book. John Wiley & Sons. 4) Brusca, R. C. & Brusca, G. J. (2002). Invertebrates. 4th Ed. Sinauer Associates... Dhami. S and J.K. Dhami - Invertebrate Zoology-S. Chand and Co. 5) Chaki, Kundu, Sarkar Introduction to General Zoology. Vol 1. New Central Book Agency (P)LTD.
6) E.L. JORDEN & P.S. VERMA, Invertebrate Zoology, S. Chand & Co. Ltd. New Delhi.
7) Hickman, C.P.Jr, F.M. Hickuman and L. S. Roberts, 1984.Integrated Principles of Zoology, 7th Edition, Times Merror/Mosby College Publication. St. Louis. 1065pp. Hyman, L. H.(1951). The Invertebrates (Vol-I). Mcgraw Hill Book Company.
8) Jordan, E.L. & Verma, P. S. (2006). Invertebrate Zoology. S. Chand & Company Ltd. New Delhi.
9) Kapoor, V.C.(2008). Theory and practice of animal taxonomy. 6th Ed. Oxford & IBH Pub
10) Kotpal, R.L., 1988-1992. (All Series) Protozoa, Porifera, Coelentereta, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Rastogi Publications, Meerut - 250002.
11) Kotpal, R.L. Modern Text Book of Zoology Invertebrates, Rastogi Publication, Meerut. 12) Мауr, E. & Ashlock, P.D. (1991). Principles of Systematic Zoology.2nd Ed., mcgraw-Hill. Meglitsch, P. A. & Schram, F.R. (1991). Invertebrate Zoology. Oxford University Press. 13) Parker & Hashwell, Textbook of Zoology Vol. I (Invertebrates) A.Z.T.B.S. Publishers &
Distributors. New Delhi. 14) Parker, T.J. & Haswell, W. (1972). Text Book of Zoology, Volume I. Macmillan Press,London.
15) Pechenik, J.A. (1998). Biology of the Invertebrates, 4th Ed.mcgraw Hill. Rupperte. E., Fox, R. & Barnes R.D. (2003). Invertebrate Zoology: A Functional Evolutionary Approach. 7th Ed. Brooks Cole.
16) Press. Barnes, R.D. & Ruppert, E.E., (1994). Invertebrate Zoology.6th Ed.brookscole. 17) Sinha, K.S., Adhikari,S. & Ganguly, B.B. Biology of Animals. Vol. I. New Central BookAgency. Kolkata. Classification to be followed from Barnes and Ruppert 1994, 6thEdition
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DSC-2: Practicals Based on DSC-1
Animal Diversity-I (Non-Chordata)
First semester
Total Contact Hours: 60
Credit: 02
Max. Marks: 50
Learning Objectives of the Course:
i To familiarize students with identification and the study of museum specimens.
ii To enable students to study mounting and anatomy of invertebrate species. iii To prepare students for taxonomical work and research in the areas of biodiversity.
Course Outcomes (COs): After completion of the course, students will be able to - i Understand systemic position, habit and habitat of invertebrate animals.
ii Understand the pathogenicity and life cycle of parasite and vectors.
iii Develop skills to recognize surrounding animals and their importance.
Expt. No./Name of Experiments
01. Study of slides from Ciliates, Opalinates, and Flagellates. (Any Five
02. Study of museum specimen and slides from Porifera to Hemichordata (Minimum two from each phyla)
03. Study of the following specimens to bring out and their adaptations to their respective modes of life. (Any five) Entamoeba, Trypanosoma, Leishmania, Sycon, Taenia solium, Ancylostoma duodenale, Enterobius Vermicularis, Ascaris, Wuchereria bancrofti, chaetopterus, Leech, Limulus, Any two Crustacean Larvae, Starfish, Balanoglossus.
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04. Study of the following specimens to bring out their biological significance: (Any five) Obelia, Corals, physalia, porpita, vellela, Trochophore Larva, Peripatus, Sacculina On Crab, Sea Anemone on Hermit Crab, Pearl Oyster, Bipinnaria Larva,
5. Mounting of any five of the following. Sponge spicules, Gemmule, Obelia colony, Jaws of Leech. Spermatica, testes nerve ring of Earthworm, Parapodia of Nereis. Prawn appendages, Mouthparts of insects (Cockroach, Mosquito, House fly, Bed bug and Honeybee).
Redula of Pila, Pedicillaria of Star fish.
6. Dissections: (Experimental or Demonstration) E/D
Earthworm - Digestive, Reproductive and Nervous System.
Prawn - Nervous system
Cockroach - Digestive, Reproductive and Nervous Systems
7. Arrange field visit to study the animal biodiversity and complete study report
Learning Resources:
1. E.L. JORDEN & P.S. VERMA, Invertebrate Zoology, S. Chand & Co. Ltd. New Delhi.
2. Kotpal, R.L. Modern Text Book of Zoology Invertebrates, Rastogi Publication, Meerut.
3. Parker, T.J. & Haswell, W. (1972). Text Book of Zoology, Volume I. Macmillan Press, London.
4. S. S. Lal: Invertebhrate Practical book.
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Skill Enhancement Course
First Semester
SEC-1: Bee Keeping
Total Contact Hours: 15
Credit: 01
Max. Marks: 50
Learning Objectives of the Course:
i To inculcate importance of Bee keeping and honey processes in relation with entrepreneurship development.
ii To give students knowledge about various techniques of Bee keeping and honey processing and its marketing to make them self-sustainable after graduation.
iii To teach techniques of construction of Bee Hives and its maintenance.
iv To teach students about Honey production and health related problems with Honey bees. Importance of honey
v Students will learn important steps in bee keeping and bee hive handling without fear.
vi Students will learn the use of different equipments in bee keeping.
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Course Outcomes (COs): After completion of the course, students will be able to -
i The learner will able to differentiate in different types of honey bee castes.
ii Learner will be able to use the artificial hive for beekeeping
iii Learner will be able to use the technique of honey purification and processing.
iv Learner will be able to construct the artificial honey hive and maintain it.
V Learner if is not employed can find own employment by doing Bee keeping
vi Lerner can start own beekeeping equipment agency for farmers or beekeepers.
Module No./Topics/Actual contents of the syllabus/Contact Hours
I. Scope and history of Apiculture systematic position of honeybee, Species of Honey bees, Biology and life history of Honey bee.-05 Hrs
II. Bee colony social organization, bee communication, swarming, pheromone. Bee hive structure and types of bee hives, Newtons beehives. Instruments used in Apiary.
Site selection of apiculture, flora of apiculture nectar, non nector and pollen plants, modern method of apiculture, Care and management of apiary.-05 Hrs
III. Nector honey composition and its formation. Medicinal and commercial values of honey. Bee wax and its uses, Diseases of honey bees and their control measures. Enemies of honey bee. Economic Importance of Apiary products, Bee Keeping Industry status in India, Recent Efforts, Apiculture as self-employment venture.- 05 Hrs
Learning Resources:
1. Abrol,D.P.(1997) Bees and Beekeeping. Kalyani Publisher, New Delh.
2. Abrol, D. P. (2010) A Comprehensive guide to Bees and Beekeeping. Scientific Publisher, New Delhi.
3. Withhead, S. B. (2010) Honey bees and their management Axis books Publisher, Jodhpur.
4. Nagaraja, N. and Rajagopal, D. (2013) Honey bees: Diseases, Parasites, Pests, Predator and their management. M.J.P Publisher, Chennai.
5. Dharamsing and Singh, D. P. A Handbook of Beekeeping, Agrobios India (Publisher), Jodhpur.
6. Cherian R, & K.R. Ramanathan, 1992-Bee keeping in India,
7. Mishra, R.C., 1985-Honey bees and their Management in India, ICAR.
8. Singh, S.1982-Bee keeping - ICAR 4. Sharma, P. and Singh L. 1987-Hand book of bee keeping, Chandigarh
9. Rare, S. 1998-Introduction. to bee keeping, Vikas publishing house.
OR
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Skill Enhancement Course
First semester
SEC-1: (Animal Microtechnique)
Total Contact Hours: 15
Credit: 01
Max. Marks: 50
Learning Objectives of the Course:
i To prepare the slides as whole mounts of microscopic fauna.
ii To adapt preservation of animal tissues for sectioning and histological study
iii To learn hydration, dehydration and use of clearing agent for mount the slides.
iv To develop skill of microtechnique in medical purpose.
Course Outcomes (COs): After completion of the course, students will be able to -
i Understand the selection of nuclear and cytoplasmic stains.
ii Understand the proper histoligical structure of animal tissue.
iii Understand the different types of cell and learned physiological structure.
iv The skill learner will get opportunities in the field of Health institutes, Hospitals and Pathological labs.
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Module No./Topics/Actual contents of the syllabus/Contact Hours
I. Introduction:
Definition, Scope and Applications of Micro technique. Collection and selection of specimen or tissue of animal for whole mount, smearing or teasing.-05 Hrs
II. Fixation: Definition and Importance and examples of fixatives.
Significance and the process of Washing, Dehydration, Clearing agents Merits and demerits of clearing agents- Xylene, Toluene
Significance and use of Cold and hot infiltration- 05 Hrs
III. Significance and procedure:
Embedding: Embedding containers: a) Paper trays b) L o Embedding procedure
Block making: Block making, labeling of block and storage of block. Trimming and Mounting of trimmed block on microtome peg.-05 Hrs.
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Learning Resources:
1. Weesner., F.M. (1968), General zoological microtechniques, Maryland, U.S.A.: The Williams & Wilkins Company
2. Mr. Jeremy Sanderson (1994) Biological Microtechnique by Garland Science publishers: First edition Baker F.I and R.E Silverton,
3. R.Marimuthu (2011) Microscopy and Microtechnique published by Mjp
4. Vonnie D.C.Sheild and Thomas Heinbokel Microtechnique.
5. Peter Gray(1952) Basic Microtechnique published by The blakiston company, toronto.
6. Dr.M.K.Prasad (2000) Outlines of Microtechnique published by Emkay.
7. Brian Bracegirdle(1978) A History of Mirotechnique published by Heinemann Educational books Ltd.
8. Richard W.Horobin(1982) Histochemistry published by Butterworth Educational books Ltd.
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SEC-2: Practicals Based on SEC-1 (Bee Keeping)
Total Contact Hours: 30
Credit: 01
Max. Marks: 50
Learning Objectives of the Course:
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i To inculcate importance of Bee keeping and honey processes in relation with entrepreneurship development.
ii To give students knowledge about various techniques of Bee keeping and honey processing and its marketing to make them self-sustainable after graduation.
iii To teach techniques of construction of Bee Hives and its maintenance.
iv To teach students about Honey production and health related problems with Honey bees. Importance of honey
v Students will learn important steps in bee keeping and bee hive handling without fear.
vi Students will learn the use of different equipments in bee keeping.
Course Outcomes (COs): After completion of the course,
i The learner will able to differentiate in different types of honey bee castes.
ii Learner will be able to use the artificial hive for beekeeping
iii Learner will be able to use the technique of honey purification and processing.
iv Learner will be able to construct the artificial honey hive and maintain it.
V.Learner if is not employed can find own employment by doing Bee keeping
vi Lerner can start own beekeeping equipment agency for farmers or beekeepers.
Expt. No./Name of Experiments
01. To study the morphology of honey bees and its social casts.
02. Temporary mounting of wings, legs, sting apparatus and mouthparts.
03. Study the langstroth hive box/ bee box in apiary.
04. To study the tools and instruments of apiculture
05. Visit to nearby bee keeping centre.
06. To aware the purity of apiary products like honey, wax, propolis, royal jelly etc. and its importance.
07 Apply your skill entrepreneurship.
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Learning Resources:
1. Abrol,D.P.(1997) Bees and Beekeeping. Kalyani Publisher, New Delh.
2. Abrol, D. P. (2010) A Comprehensive guide to Bees and Beekeeping. Scientific Publisher, New Delhi.
3. Withhead, S. B. (2010) Honey bees and their management Axis books Publisher, Jodhpur.
4. Nagaraja, N. and Rajagopal, D. (2013) Honey bees: Diseases, Parasites, Pests , Predator and their management. M.J.P Publisher, Chennai.
5. Dharamsing and Singh, D. P. A Handbook of Beekeeping, Agrobios India (Publisher), Jodhpur.
6. Chcrian R, & K.R. Ramanathan, 1992-Bee keeping in India,
7. Mishra, R.C., 1985-Honey bees and their Management in India, ICAR.
8. Singh, S.1982-Bee keeping - ICAR 4. Sharma, P. and Singh L. 1987-Hand book of bee keeping, Chandigarh
9. Rare, S. 1998-Introduction. to bee keeping, Vikas publishing house.
OR
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SEC-2: Practical based on SEC-1 (Animal Micro technique)
Total Contact Hours: 30
Credit: 01
Max. Marks: 50
Learning Objectives of the Course:
i To prepare the slides as whole mounts of microscopic fauna.
ii To adapt preservation of animal tissues for sectioning and histological study
iii To learn hydration, dehydration and use of clearing agent for mount the slides.
iv To develop skill of microtechnique in medical purpose.
Course Outcomes (COs): After completion of the course, students will be able to -
i Understand the selection of nuclear and cytoplasmic stains.
ii Understand the proper histoligical structure of animal tissue.
iii Understand the different types of cell and learned physiological structure,
iv The skill learner will get opportunities in the field of Health institutes, Hospitals and Pathological labs.
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Expt. No./Name of Experiments
01. Rotary and Rocking microtome- its uses, precautions and handling, Microtome knives
02. Section cutting- Defects, Possible causes and remedies during section cutting,
03. Affixing and processing of sections
04. Staining,, Clearing and Mounting.: Preparation of Haematoxylin, Eosin stain and Giemsa stain, Mordants, Double staining, use of mounting media-DPX and Canada balsam.
05. Preparation of permanent slides.
06. Observation and Identification of mounted slides.
07. Use of camera Lucida and morphometery.
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Learning Resources:
1. Weesner., F.M. (1968), General zoological microtechniques. Maryland, U.S.A.: The Williams & Wilkins Company
2. Mr. Jeremy Sanderson (1994) Biological Microtechnique by Garland Science publishers: First edition. Baker F.I and R.E Silverton,
3. R.Marimuthu (2011) Microscopy and Microtechnique published by Mjp
4. Vonnie D.C.Sheild and Thomas Heinbokel Microtechnique.
5. Peter Gray(1952) Basic Microtechnique published by The blakiston company, toronto.
6. Dr.M.K.Prasad (2000) Outlines of Microtechnique published by Emkay.
7. Brian Bracegirdle (1978) A History of Mirotechnique published by Heinemann Educational books Ltd.
8. Richard W.Horobin (1982) Histochemistry published by Butterworth Educational books Ltd.
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This course will be available for the students of other faculty
First semester
GE/OE-1: Vectors, Diseases and Management
Total Contact Hours: 30
Credit: 02
Max. Marks: 50
Learning Objectives of the Course:
i To study the general features of harmful insect vector and their adaptations.
ii Understand the systemic position of insect vectors.
iii To learn common vector borne diseases and their etiology.
iv Application of vector management strategies.
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Course Outcomes (COs): After completion of the course, students will be able to -
i To develop awareness about the causative agents and control measures of many commonly vector borne diseases
ii Recognize the symptoms and proper identification of vectors.
iii Learn feeding mechanism and causing ideas.
iv Understand the stragegies for the management of vector borne diseases by Chemical, Biological and IPM.
Module No./Topics/Actual contents of the syllabus/Contact Hours
I. Introduction to insects: General features of insects; Morphological features- Head, Eyes, Antenna, Mouthparts. Concept of Vectors: Brief introduction of Carrier and Vectors (mechanical and biological vector), Reservoirs, Host-vector relationship, Adaptations as vectors, Host Specificity. -05 Hrs
II. Insect as vectors: Classification of insects up to orders, detailed features of orders with insects as vectors Diptera, Siphonaptera,Siphunculata, Hemiptera.
Study of important insect vectors and its borne diseases and control measures: Mosquito, House fly, Fleas, Head louse, Blood sucking bugs- 05 Hrs
III. Vector management strategies: Control of vector flies by screening. fly traps, electrocution, poison baits and outdoor residual sprays; biological control, Chemical control and Integrated pest management.-05 Hrs
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Learning Resources:
1. Imms, A.D. (1977). A General Text Book of Entomology. Chapman & Hall, UK. Electronic Instrument Handbook by Clyde F. Coombs
2. Chapman, R.F. (1998). The Insects: Structure and Function. IV Edition, Cambridge University Press, UK.
3. Mathews, G. (2011). Integrated Vector Management:Controlling VectorsofMalariaandother Insect
4. Vector borne Diseass. Wiley-Blackwell Belding, D.L. (1942). Textbook of Clinical
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